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- Sage, Evan Taylor. Manuscripts
- Sahlins, Marshall. Papers
- Salisbury, Rollin D. Papers
- Salloch, William and Mary, Collection of Prints and Drawings: “People with Books.”
- Sand, Knud Aage Buchtrup. Legal Medicine, its Origin, Development and Status in Modern Times, with Special Regard to Denmark
- Sandburg, Carl-Joseph Halle Schaffner. Collection
- Scammon, Jonathon Young. Papers
- Schaffner, Joseph Halle, Collection in the History of Science
- Schein, Marcel. Papers
- Schevill, Ferdinand. Papers
- Schilling, George A., Papers
- Schmitt, Bernadotte E. Papers
- Schneider, David M. Papers
- Schomerus, C.P. Ueber die durch das gleichzeitige Vorhandensein eines Herzleidens, einer Struma und eines Exophthalmus characterisirte Krankheit
- Schultz, Arthur W. Papers
- Schulz, Marjorie Preston. Papers
- Schütze, Eva Watson. Photographs
- Schütze, Martin. Papers
- Schwab, Joseph J. Papers
- Schwartz, Samuel. Papers
- Scott, Arthur Pearson. Papers
- Scott, Hugh M. Papers
- Seven Woods Press. Records
- Shackelford, Benjamin. Papers
- Sharp, Benjamin. Peary's North Greenland Expedition and the Relief
- Sheet Music. Collection
- Shimer, Henry. Epidemic Diseases
- Shorey, Paul. Papers
- Shortall, Harrington. Papers
- Silverberg, James. Papers
- Simon, Bernece K. Papers
- Simons, Henry C. Papers
- Simons, Hi. Papers
- Simpson, John A. Papers
- Simpson, John A.. Papers. Addenda
- Simpson, Tracy W. Electrification Project : The Illinois Central Railroad Company Suburban Service at Chicago, Ill.
- Simson, Otto G. von. Papers
- Sketch of East High Green Lead Mine
- Slavery and Indentured Servitude Collection
- Slotin, Louis Memorial Fund. Records
- Slotkin, Elizabeth J. Papers
- Slotkin, James Sydney. Papers
- Slye, Maud. Papers
- Small, Albion W.. Papers
- Smith, Adolphe. Chicago and the Slaughter House Question : Inspection an Insufficient Guarantee
- Smith, J. M. Powis. Papers
- Smith, Maurine. Papers
- Smith, Thomas Vernor. Papers
- Smyth Family. Papers
- Society of Medical History of Chicago, Bulletin and Correspondence
- Society of Medical History of Chicago. Records
- Soemmerring, Samuel Thomas von. Icones oculi humani
- Solon, Israel. Collection
- Song Sheet and Broadside Poem. Collection
- Sonnenschein, Robert. Papers
- South Park Improvement Association. Records
- South Side Academy. Records
- Spallanzani, Lazzaro. Correspondence
- Specielle Pathologie und Therapie
- Spencer, William M. Collection of French Manuscripts
- Spergel, Irving A. Papers
- Spike, Robert W. Papers
- Spink, George. Collection
- Squibb, Francis P. Papers
- Stagg, Amos Alonzo. Papers
- Stanfield, Reuel. Autobiography
- Stanger, Philip. Collection
- Stark, Johann Christian. Hebammen-Buch
- Stark, Johann Christian. Über Frauenkrankheiten und Kinderkrankheiten
- Starr, Frederick. Liberian Research Collection
- Starr, Frederick. Papers
- Steed, Gitel P. Papers
- Steiner, John. Collection
- Stenn, Frederick. Papers
- Stent, G.C., Chinese Eunuchs: Or, the Origin, Character, Dress, Duties, and Preparation of the Castrati of China
- Stevens, David H. Papers
- Stevens, Warder W., Fruit Culture in Indiana
- Stieglitz-Mathieu. Correspondence
- Stiernberg, Ed. Collection
- Stirn, Ernest W. and Henry J. Papers
- Stone, Ursula Batchelder. Collection
- Strauss, Leo. Papers
- Strayhorn, Billy, Master Editions. Collection
- Strong, Reuben Myron. History of the Stritch Medical School of Loyola University
- Stroud, Drew McCord (Ryu Makoto). Papers
- Stutz, John G. Papers
- Sussman, Alan. Collection
- Sutherland, Zena Bailey. Papers
- Sweet, William Warren. Papers
- Swift, Harold. Papers